Firm dynamics, job turnover, and wage distributions in an open economy

This paper explores the effects of tariffs, trade costs, and firing costs on firm dynamics and labor markets outcomes. The analysis is based on a general equilibrium model with labor market search frictions, wage bargaining, firing costs, firm-specific productivity shocks, and endogenous entry/exit decisions. Firing costs reduce firms' profits and discourage them from quickly adjusting their employment levels in response to idiosyncratic shocks. Tariffs and other trade costs reduce rents for efficient firms and increase rents for inefficient firms, as in Melitz (2003). These well-known effects interact with idiosyncratic productivity shocks and with scale economies in hiring costs to determine the equilibrium size distribution of firms, entry/exit rates, job turnover rates, rate of informality, and cross-firm wage distributions.

Firm Dynamics, Job Turnover, and Wage Distributions in an Open Economy

This paper explores the combined effects of reductions in trade frictions, tariffs, and firing costs on firm dynamics, job turnover, and wage distributions. It uses establishment-level data from Colombia to estimate an open economy dynamic model that links trade to job flows in a new way. The fitted model captures key features of Colombian firm dynamics and labor market outcomes, as well changes in these features during the past 25 years. Counterfactual experiments imply that integration with global product markets has increased both average income and job turnover in Colombia. In contrast, the experiments find little role for this country's labor market reforms in driving these variables. The results speak more generally to the effects of globalization on labor markets in Latin America and elsewhere.

A simple animation package

This paper discusses a simple animation package that animates sketches drawn by the user through a simple set of operations. The purpose of the animation package is to demonstrate various computer graphics principles to those who are not experienced in the subject. Furthermore, it is an education tool for both art and undergraduate students. An expanded set of utilities allows for journaling for playback as well as a single level undo. This provides for an easy modification or correction of the errors that can be made during any session. The system is written in C language on a Unix workstation environment. User input is handled through a menu driven system and the benefits of an event driven window environment are fully made use of [6]. This obviously simplifies the usage of the package by the merits of such an environment

Laser in situ Keratomileusis Sonrası Pterjiyum

Pterjiyumun ilerlemesini önlemek amacıyla ultraviyole filtreli güneş gözlüğü ve şapka kullanımı önerilmekte ancak ilerlemeyi kesin önleyici tıbbi veya cerrahi bir teknik bulunmamaktadır. Sunduğumuz olguda; laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) tedavisinden 7 yıl sonra gelişen pterjiyuma karşı flep kenarının bir bariyer görevi gördüğü ve pterjiyumun takip edildiği 2,5 yıl boyunca ilerlemediği izlenmiştir. Literatürde, LASIK sonrası gelişen pterjiyumların seyrine dair veri mevcut değildir. Olgumuz, hem LASIK sonrası bu seyri dökümante etmek, hem de erken evrede korneaya yapılacak bir kesinin pterjiyumu durdurucu etkisini sorgulamak açısından önem taşımaktadır

Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Democratic Backsliding in Turkey: Beyond the Narratives of Progress

Unpacking the core themes that are discussed in this collection, this article both offers a research agenda to re-analyse Turkey’s ‘authoritarian turn’ and mounts a methodological challenge to the conceptual frameworks that reinforce a strict analytical separation between the ‘economic’ and the ‘political’ factors. The paper problematises the temporal break in scholarly analyses of the AKP period and rejects the argument that the party’s methods of governance have shifted from an earlier ‘democratic’ model – defined by ‘hegemony’ – to an emergent ‘authoritarian’ one. In contrast, by retracing the mechanisms of the state-led reproduction of neoliberalism since 2003, the paper demonstrates that the party’s earlier ‘hegemonic’ activities were also shaped by authoritarian tendencies which manifested at various levels of governance

Language as an Identity Marker and the Archaic Features of Trabzon Dialects

Some phonetic and formal characteristics and certain vocabulary elements of Trabzon dialects today may seem unusual in comparison with the standard language. Characteristics of this kind include the use of “k” instead of “g”, “t” instead of “d”, “p” instead of “b” in the beginning of the word; violation of flat-round vowel harmony rule; the case of the sound /ng/; the preservation of the consonant b- in the first sound; the use of copulas with inversion; binary verb forms. Thus Trabzon dialects present a highly interesting point as they preserve phonetic characteristics which can be traced back to the Ancient Turkish and they partially reflect changes and developments in Turkish language through different historical time periods. This matter connects Trabzon dialects to Turkish language of archaic times based on the vocabulary and phonetic characteristics of these dialects. Despite the undisputed impact of mass media and the wide education opportunities, it is possible to state that Trabzon dialects are the subject of study representing different kinds of changes and developments of Turkish language throughout history

A text, image, and graphics editor

[No abstract available

Multi-objective evolutionary routing protocol for efficient coverage in mobile sensor networks

Individual sensors in wireless mobile sensor networks (MSNs) can move in search of coverage region for the sensing accuracy and for reaching the most efficient topology. Besides, sensors' clustering is crucial for achieving an efficient network performance. Although MSNs have been an area of many research efforts in recent years, integrating the coverage problem of MSNs with the efficient routing requirement that will maximize the network lifetime is still missing. In this paper, we consider the coverage optimization problem where the location of a given number of mobile sensors needs to be re-decided such that the sensed data from the detected targets can be routed more efficiently to the sink and thus increasing the network lifetime. We formulate this NP-complete problem as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem, with two conflicting and correlated objectives; aiming at high coverage as well as longevity of network lifetime. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is utilized as a cluster-based routing protocol to tackle this MOO problem. Each round of the proposed NSGA-II based routing protocol creates a set of near-Pareto-optimal solutions containing a number of non-dominated solutions, in which the sink can pick up and distribute the one with high coverage to form the clustered routes. Heuristic operators are also proposed to enhance the quality of the solutions. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed evolutionary algorithm